How does gdm cause macrosomia

This study did not take these factors into account and we acknowledge this as a limitation of the study. In conclusion, the present study suggests that macrosomia is not more common in women with diet-controlled GDM. Consideration should be given to conducting a prospective study with larger numbers to draw robust conclusions about the rates of macrosomia in diet-controlled GDM. Consideration should also be given as to whether extra ultrasound surveillance is required in these cases, especially if these women attend appropriate initial consultations with a diabetes educator and dietician, and particularly if they are linked in with an experienced maternity centre and if care-givers are familiar with blood glucose targets.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article of the Year Award: Outstanding research contributions of , as selected by our Chief Editors. Read the winning articles. Journal overview. Special Issues. Academic Editor: Rosa Corcoy. Received 02 Apr Revised 22 Jun Accepted 24 Jul Published 27 Aug Abstract Background. Introduction Current data on the rates of macrosomia in gestational diabetes are heterogeneous, highlighted particularly by the inconsistent definitions of true macrosomia.

Materials and Methods We compared a cohort of patients with gestational diabetes managed by dietary measures with a concurrent pregnant control group matched for age, parity, and body mass index BMI. Results 3. Maternal Characteristics cases were identified out of a total of births in a single calendar year. Table 1. Table 2. Parity Cases Controls 0 1 54 53 2 21 22 3 9 9 4 1 1 5 1 0 6 1 1 7 0 0 8 0 1 Median parity of all obstetric patients in this study was 0, IQR 0 to 1, range 0 to 8.

Table 3. Table 4. Number and proportion of macrosomic neonates at two diagnosis thresholds in case and control groups. References J. Ye, M. Torloni, E. Ota et al. Hoffman, C. Nolan, J. Wilson et al. View at: Google Scholar T. Dobbins, E. Sullivan, C. Roberts, and J. Hosmer Jr. Lemeshow, and R. Said and K. He, F. Qin, C. Hu, M. Zhu, C. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions — increased blood pressure, a high blood sugar level, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels — that occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

Further research is needed to determine whether these effects might increase the risk of adult diabetes, obesity and heart disease. You might not be able to prevent fetal macrosomia, but you can promote a healthy pregnancy. Research shows that exercising during pregnancy and eating a low-glycemic diet can reduce the risk of macrosomia. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products.

Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview The term "fetal macrosomia" is used to describe a newborn who's much larger than average.

Fundal height Open pop-up dialog box Close. Fundal height Fundal height is the distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus measured in centimeters. Polyhydramnios Open pop-up dialog box Close. Polyhydramnios In polyhydramnios, excessive amniotic fluid accumulates in the uterus during pregnancy.

Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. Abramocwicz JS, et al. Fetal macrosomia. Infants of women with GDM are at an increased risk of becoming overweight or obese at a young age during adolescence and are more likely to develop type II diabetes later in life.

Besides, the findings of several studies that epigenetic alterations of different genes of the fetus of a GDM mother in utero could result in the transgenerational transmission of GDM and type II diabetes are of concern.

Publication types Review.